Difference between Bureaucratic and Participatory Management

Before going to the difference between bureaucratic and participatory management in administration in the context of developing countries, we are should have idea about the bureaucratic management and the participatory management.

Bureaucratic Management:

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Bureaucratic management is an administrative policy-making group and non-elective government officials body which is operated an organization in an effective and rational way. It is also called the Weberian bureaucracy. In bureaucratic management has following principles. Such as: -

• Proper division of labor
• Chain of command
• Separation of personal and official property
• Application of consistent and complete rules
• Selection and promotion based on qualifications

Full: Difference between Bureaucratic and Participatory Management

Difference between Development Administration & Traditional Public Administration

In the concept of development administration and traditional public administration; it has already been said earlier that public administration is employed for translating governmental programs into execution. Before its conceptual development, it was prevalent since the growth of government. As a process of operations in human activities and relationships, it can scarcely be reduced to any common principle except at relatively high levels of generality that are quite worthless for analytical or comparative purposes. So it is difficult to chalk out any usable principle on the basis of which development administration and traditional public administration can be distinguished.

Difference between Development Administration and Traditional Public Administration:

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However, the differences between development administration and traditional public administration can be viewed from the following standpoints:

1. Ecology
2. Objective
3. Scope
4. Nature
5. Structure and
6. Process

Full: Difference between Development Administration & Traditional Public Administration

Development Factors - Affect Directly in Development Place

After many research, examination and idea generation; are established the development factors. The development factors are created the global imbalance of trade between different parts of the world. These factors are impression us directly in many ways. However, there are described the different important development factors with real examples.

Development Factors:

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Development factors are the indicators of the obstacle to the development of a place. These factors impact directly to create the global imbalance of the different parts of the world. If we have required the accelerated the development, we have to overcome this development factors. The most common and important development factors are mentioned below. Such as:-

Full: Development Factors - Affect Directly in Development Place

A Brief Account of Accountability

The development of scientific management, effectiveness, and efficiency in the private sector can be dated to the early twentieth century and credited to the work of Fredrick Taylor. The adaptation of these same technologies in the public sector, specifically human services, is of recent origin. They have penetrated the human services because of increased demand for these services, rising expenditures, changing political priorities and unclear accomplishments of the human service professions. This demand for criteria for measurement of accomplishment has been termed accountability.

Accountability in some form has usually accompanied the delivery of human services in the public sector. But the shape of accountability has greatly changed and in direct proportion to its prominence. Robert Haveman notes:

Until the late 1950's or early 1960's, public expenditure analysis was not generally recognized as a distinct field of economic inquiry... The neglect of public expenditure analysis by economists has been reflected in federal government practice. Prior to the late 1950's, it was the rare government expenditure program whose benefits and costs were evaluated either before its establishment or while in progress.

Full: A Brief Account of Accountability

Reciprocal Accountability Theory

In Nov 1979, Michael Borrero, Pricilla Martina and Gretchen Bubelman Borrero were published a book named "Toward A Theory of Accountability". In this book, attention has been devoted to the social work literature to the notion of accountability and the reciprocal accountability theory. The focus of this literature has centered around three themes:

• that the profession has not been accountable;
• that the profession needs to be more accountable; and
• some suggestions on how the profession can be more accountable.

Reciprocal Accountability Theory

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A current problem with the accountability literature is that the concept of accountability is poorly and too loosely defined. In reciprocal accountability theory, we define accountability as a statement of clear intent by the service provider (agency, worker etc.) and recipient of the intended services (clients system) - and evaluation of the effectiveness and/or efficiency of the intent of both parties. This definition provides a reciprocal process of evaluation between client system and the service provider. Thus, to be accountable in this formulation depends upon a clear statement of intent by the service provider and client system and the evaluation of this intent. In brief form, this reciprocal formulation would be stated:

A = f{Ip + Ic + E}
Here,
Ip = Intent of the Service Providers (Ip)
Ic = Intent of the Service Recipients (Ic)
E = Evaluation

Full: Reciprocal Accountability Theory

Participatory Governance & its Theories with Criticisms

Participation is a one kinds of a process in which stakeholders or participants are influenced and shared control over development initiatives, decisions, and resources that are affected them.

Why Participation?

When arises the question why participation? answers are simple. Such as:-

• Equal distribution of resources to mass people
• Decentralized the power of authority
• Reduced the autocratic power of government in decision making
• Poverty reduction
• Establish clear channel for community
• Building local capacity to interact with authorities and other stakeholders.

Full: Participatory Governance & its Theories with Criticisms