Difference between Bureaucratic and Participatory Management

Before going to the difference between bureaucratic and participatory management in administration in the context of developing countries, we are should have idea about the bureaucratic management and the participatory management.

Bureaucratic Management:

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Bureaucratic management is an administrative policy-making group and non-elective government officials body which is operated an organization in an effective and rational way. It is also called the Weberian bureaucracy. In bureaucratic management has following principles. Such as: -

• Proper division of labor
• Chain of command
• Separation of personal and official property
• Application of consistent and complete rules
• Selection and promotion based on qualifications

Full: Difference between Bureaucratic and Participatory Management

Difference between Development Administration & Traditional Public Administration

In the concept of development administration and traditional public administration; it has already been said earlier that public administration is employed for translating governmental programs into execution. Before its conceptual development, it was prevalent since the growth of government. As a process of operations in human activities and relationships, it can scarcely be reduced to any common principle except at relatively high levels of generality that are quite worthless for analytical or comparative purposes. So it is difficult to chalk out any usable principle on the basis of which development administration and traditional public administration can be distinguished.

Difference between Development Administration and Traditional Public Administration:

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However, the differences between development administration and traditional public administration can be viewed from the following standpoints:

1. Ecology
2. Objective
3. Scope
4. Nature
5. Structure and
6. Process

Full: Difference between Development Administration & Traditional Public Administration

Development Factors - Affect Directly in Development Place

After many research, examination and idea generation; are established the development factors. The development factors are created the global imbalance of trade between different parts of the world. These factors are impression us directly in many ways. However, there are described the different important development factors with real examples.

Development Factors:

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Development factors are the indicators of the obstacle to the development of a place. These factors impact directly to create the global imbalance of the different parts of the world. If we have required the accelerated the development, we have to overcome this development factors. The most common and important development factors are mentioned below. Such as:-

Full: Development Factors - Affect Directly in Development Place

A Brief Account of Accountability

The development of scientific management, effectiveness, and efficiency in the private sector can be dated to the early twentieth century and credited to the work of Fredrick Taylor. The adaptation of these same technologies in the public sector, specifically human services, is of recent origin. They have penetrated the human services because of increased demand for these services, rising expenditures, changing political priorities and unclear accomplishments of the human service professions. This demand for criteria for measurement of accomplishment has been termed accountability.

Accountability in some form has usually accompanied the delivery of human services in the public sector. But the shape of accountability has greatly changed and in direct proportion to its prominence. Robert Haveman notes:

Until the late 1950's or early 1960's, public expenditure analysis was not generally recognized as a distinct field of economic inquiry... The neglect of public expenditure analysis by economists has been reflected in federal government practice. Prior to the late 1950's, it was the rare government expenditure program whose benefits and costs were evaluated either before its establishment or while in progress.

Full: A Brief Account of Accountability

Reciprocal Accountability Theory

In Nov 1979, Michael Borrero, Pricilla Martina and Gretchen Bubelman Borrero were published a book named "Toward A Theory of Accountability". In this book, attention has been devoted to the social work literature to the notion of accountability and the reciprocal accountability theory. The focus of this literature has centered around three themes:

• that the profession has not been accountable;
• that the profession needs to be more accountable; and
• some suggestions on how the profession can be more accountable.

Reciprocal Accountability Theory

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A current problem with the accountability literature is that the concept of accountability is poorly and too loosely defined. In reciprocal accountability theory, we define accountability as a statement of clear intent by the service provider (agency, worker etc.) and recipient of the intended services (clients system) - and evaluation of the effectiveness and/or efficiency of the intent of both parties. This definition provides a reciprocal process of evaluation between client system and the service provider. Thus, to be accountable in this formulation depends upon a clear statement of intent by the service provider and client system and the evaluation of this intent. In brief form, this reciprocal formulation would be stated:

A = f{Ip + Ic + E}
Here,
Ip = Intent of the Service Providers (Ip)
Ic = Intent of the Service Recipients (Ic)
E = Evaluation

Full: Reciprocal Accountability Theory

Participatory Governance & its Theories with Criticisms

Participation is a one kinds of a process in which stakeholders or participants are influenced and shared control over development initiatives, decisions, and resources that are affected them.

Why Participation?

When arises the question why participation? answers are simple. Such as:-

• Equal distribution of resources to mass people
• Decentralized the power of authority
• Reduced the autocratic power of government in decision making
• Poverty reduction
• Establish clear channel for community
• Building local capacity to interact with authorities and other stakeholders.

Full: Participatory Governance & its Theories with Criticisms

Strategic Management Process 6 Steps

Strategic management is construed in the context of a process. Strategic management process 6 steps is an identifiable flow of information through interrelated stages of analysis directed toward the achievement of an aim. In the strategic management process 6 steps, the strategists primarily determine objectives and make strategic directions and actions. It is involved with the development of an effective strategy to help achieve organizational objectives. Our operational definition of strategic management process 6 steps are:

Strategic Management Process 6 Steps:

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There are included the Strategic management process 6 steps. Strategic management process 6 steps are:-

1. Developing Organization’s Vision and Mission
2. Strategic Analysis of the Organization
3. Establishing Objectives
4. Strategy Formulation
5. Strategy Implementation
6. Strategic Evaluation and Control

Full: Strategic Management Process 6 Steps

Types of Strategies in Strategic Management

In this article, we’ll be discussed the types of strategies in strategic management. There are also tried to give some concepts about the levels of strategy making of strategic management; for a better understanding of the types of strategies in strategic management.

Types of Strategies in Strategic Management:

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If we want to mention the types of strategies in strategic management, we can mention it as five types. This may be  a one kind of New Public Management (NPM)'s strategy. The types of strategies in strategic management. Such as:-

1. Competitive Strategy
2. Corporate Strategy
3. Business Strategy
4. Functional Strategy and
5. Operating Strategy

Full: Types of Strategies in Strategic Management

Strategic Management Concept & Fundamental

We’re back to you with another article about the strategic management. In this article will be discussed the strategic management concept and cases. Strategic management concept are cored thing in strategic management skill.

Strategic Management Concept & Fundamental:

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Under the strategic management concept has following things. Such as:-

• Organizational Philosophy
• Policy
• Strategic Planning
• Strategic Plan
• Strategy

Full: Strategic Management Concept & Fundamental

Business Ownership Types - Business Fundamental

nyone WHO has ever contemplated fitting a business was possible weak by the Brobdingnagian range of choices such a venture demands. Maybe over or adequate to concerns like a business arrangement, identification of measurable objectives, location, and name, however, the business is structured is of utmost importance. However, there is described the business owners and types of business ownership accordance with the business fundamental.

When establishing a “business entity”, there are a unit four other ways to try it. Reckoning on the circumstances and nature of the projected business, every alternative presents benefits and drawbacks. Instead of taking the recommendation of friends or members of the family, it's invariably best to debate your choices with a certified and full-fledged business law lawyer. Doing, therefore, can offer you the peace of mind that comes with covering all the bases, for each your own legal protection and attainable tax edges as well!

Full: Business Ownership Types - Business Fundamental

What is Business? Its Dimension & Factors

A business is associate degree structure entity associate degrees legal entity created from an association of individuals, by their natural, legal, or a mix of each WHO share a typical purpose and unite so as to focus their varied skills and organize their conjointly offered skills or resources to attain specific declared goals and square measure concerned within the provision of products and services to customers. A business may be represented as a corporation that gives product and services for human wants.

Full: What is Business? Its Dimension & Factors

What is Hierarchy & Types of Organization?

A hierarchy is a briefing of things during which the things square measure described as being "above", "below", or "at a similar level as" each other.

What is Hierarchy?

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A hierarchy will link entities either directly or indirectly, and either vertically or diagonally. the sole direct links in an exceeding hierarchy, to that degree as they're ranked, a square measure to at least one's immediate superior or to one of one's subordinates, through a system that's, for the most part, ranked may incorporate different hierarchies. Indirect gradable links will extend "vertically" upwards or downwards via multiple links within the same direction, following a path. All components of the hierarchy that aren't connected vertically to at least one another, however, are often "horizontally" connected through a path by traveling up the hierarchy to seek out a standard direct or indirect superior, so down once more. this is often loving 2 co-workers or colleagues; every report to a standard superior, however, they need a constant relative quantity of authority. structure forms exist that square measure each different and complementary to hierarchy. Post or rank is one such kind.

Full: What is Hierarchy & Types of Organization?

14 Principles Management of Henri Fayol

The 14 Principles Management are the essential, underlying factors that type the foundations of eminent management. Per Henri Fayol in his book General and Industrial Management (1916), there are '14 Principles Management'. It is one type of Strategic Management.

1. Division of labor
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of Command
5. Unity of Direction
6. Subordination of Individual Interest to Mutual Interest
7. Remuneration
8. The Degree of Centralization
9. Line of Authority/Scalar Chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel
13. Initiative
14. Liveliness American state Corps/Team Spirit

Full: 14 Principles Management of Henri Fayol

Public Corporation Form of Public Enterprise

The public corporation form of management of the public enterprise has been most widely used in England and in the commonwealth countries. There are very few state companies at all in Great Britain. Whereas state company forms are extremely popular in the continent of Europe, in France, in Germany, and in Italy in particular.

India, Cornwallis’s report advocated that the state company has advantages over the public corporation for most kinds of manufacturing enterprises as it is more flexible in nature. But the report of the estimate committee said that the public companies are more or less extension of the governmental department because of it possesses very little autonomy at all.

Full: Public Corporation Form of Public Enterprise

Public Enterprise Roles in National Development

Especially, underdeveloped countries show greater interest to use public enterprise as one of the prime movers of national development. Public Enterprise (PE) though traditionally employed for a variety of purposes in the capitalist world takes on special importance in an era in which economic growth is a prominent emotional goal in both developed and developing countries.

Deal with Developing Countries:

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There are included three indicators by which developing countries have had to deal with:-

1. 1. Inadequate infrastructure
   2. Shortage of
      
      1. Investment capital
      2. Managerial and technical skill
   3. Lack of means of stimulating
      
      1. Productive investment and
      2. Increased productivity.

Full: Public Enterprise Roles in National Development

Development Administration – 5Is, 4Ps, Model & Subsystems

As an occupational field, public administration is common to all nations, whatever their system of government. Whether monarchical totalitarian, socialist, parliamentary or congressional – presidential all countries require public administration as machinery to put into effect the policies of the government. This administrative system is the product of the society. Social norms and values of a country determine the nature of is public administration. This is why it is difficult to have any universal theory of public administration. However, it often goes in the name of traditional public administration and often development administration in the current literature.

Full:  Development Administration – 5Is, 4Ps, Model & Subsystems

Strategic Management Prelude

Management is a complex procedure in nature. The reasons for strategic management are three. Such as:-

1. Taking decisions about future.
2. Integrated approach to the different department.
3. Multifarious changes.

Improbability in the business environment has terrified the business organizations to pronounced tasks. Changes are a nonstop captivating step in the environment. Maximum changes are fickle. And so uncertainty slinks up. Notwithstanding changes, numerous outstanding new notions may turn out to be obsolete. Changes are frequently happening in economic conditions, demographics and trade practices; the variety of technology, workers and globalization trends.

Full:  Strategic Management Prelude

BARD (Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development)

Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) is a government autonomous institution which works for the local public to develop rural area through training and research activities. In 1959, it was established in Comilla that time known as Pakistan Academy of Rural Development. Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan was a founder Director and pioneer of BARD.

BARD is offered training for official and non-official members of the public and private organization which is the main objective of it. It is worked for the rural development. Through the certain three project, BARD is reached at this objective. The projects are:-

1. Thana Central Co-operative Association (TCCA)
2. Thana Training and Development Centre (TTDC); or Works Programme (RWP)
3. Thana Irrigation Programme (TIP).

Full: BARD (Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development)

Modern Public Administration Paradigms

Public administration is a government policy implementation and academic discipline what studies this implementation and preparedness of civil servants for public service work. Public administration has sound paradigms. Its paradigm is two types. One Traditional Public Administration (TPA) Paradigms and another modern public administration paradigms. In this article, will be discussed about the modern public administration paradigm.

Modern Public Administration Paradigms:

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There are mentioned the Modern Public Administration Paradigms. Here will be no broad discussion; just point out for coding the main concept. Such as:-

• New Public Administration (NPA)
• New Public Management (NPM)
• Reinventing Government
• New Public Services (NPS)
• Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Post Modern Public Administration
• Public Choice Theory
• Good Governance
• E-Governance

Full: Modern Public Administration Paradigms

Public Enterprise Forms in Management

Regarding the management of the public enterprise forms, no question arises in the case of socialist economy. The problem arises especially in the field of mixed economy. Any specific pattern of organization is controversial here. Prescription of any form of the organization thus is difficult and risky because of the fact that the viability of public enterprises in the mixed-which, in turn, depends upon the socio-economic condition of the country.

Management of Public Enterprise Forms:

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There are mentioned the management of public enterprise forms through the world. The most prominent public enterprise forms are:-

1. Department
2. Public Corporation
3. Joint Stock Company
4. The Operating Contract

Full:  Public Enterprise Forms in Management

New Public Management (NPM) Principles

New Public Management is a broad extension of NPM. New Public Management or NPM is an approach to running public service organizations. It uses in government and public service institutions and agencies. It also works at both national and sub-national levels. The term first introduced by academics in the United Kingdom and Australia to explain approaches. These were developed in the period of the 1980s as part of an effort to make the public service more "businesslike". And to improve its efficiency by using private sector management models. It reformers experimented with using decentralized service delivery models. It redesigns to give local agencies more freedom in how they delivered programs or services. In some cases, NPM is reformed which used e-government consolidated a service or program to a central location to reduce costs. Some governments tried using quasi-market structures so that the public sector would have to compete against the private sector. Key melodies in New Public Management (NPM) were worth for money, identifying, financial control, increasing efficiency, and setting aims and continuance monitoring of performance, handing over, and power to the senior management executives. The performance was assessed with audits, benchmarks and performance evaluations. Some NPM reforms used private sector corporations to convey what were previously public services....

Full:  New Public Management (NPM) Principles

Non-NPM Reforms in Developing Countries

Non-NPM reforms in developing countries is a one indicator of administrative reform’s challenges in developing countries. Here we can find five indicators. These are:-

1. Accountability and Transparency in Developing Countries
2. Capacity Building in Developing Countries
3. Reforms in Financial management
4. Ethics and Corruption
5. Issues of reform Implementation & evaluation

These five indicators of non-NPM reforms are described below shortly for better understanding. Let’s see the indicators.

Full: Non-NPM Reforms in Developing Countries

 

Strategic Management Overview

Strategic management was not recognized as a discipline of value even two decades ago. Now, literature abounds on the importance of strategic management for organizational success or goal achievement. With the unprecedented speed in the development of information technology and resultant advancement in the spread of globalization during the last decade, strategic management has come to be known as imperative for sustaining in this age of unreasoning. Enhancing competitive superiority, achieving superior performance and maximizing organizational productivity requires strategic actions or activities on the part of the organizations. Strategic management is involved in developing and implementing an organization’s competitive strategy or procedure...

Detail: Strategic Management Overview